For voice commands those means fell to four and three seconds respectively.The researchers calculated that reaction times to the red bar when the touchscreen was being employed were more than 50% longer than standard for some tasks.This was worse than the 46% impairment found in a previous simulator study looking at the effects of using a hand-held mobile phone while driving, which is banned in many countries.Dr Kinnear and his colleagues have urged vehicle-safety bodies to impose standards that limit the use of overly distracting tasks on a car's touchscreen.
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而语音指令所需时间分别减少至4秒和3秒。研究人员计算得出，在进行一些任务中，使用触屏时，对红色条的反应时间比标准时间长50%以上。这比此前的一次模拟研究还要糟糕，在这项针对边驾驶边打电话（很多国家禁止这种行为）的研究中，46%的司机都受伤了。Kinnear博士和他的同事敦促汽车安全机构制定标准，限制在车中进行过度干扰的触屏操作任务。

At present there are only voluntary guidelines. America's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, for instance,says touchscreen tasks should be completed in glances of two seconds or less, with a cumulative time of no more than 12 seconds.The researchers believe voice-activation is a safer alternative that should be encouraged, though the software needs to be improved.Andy Peart of Artificial Solutions, a Swedish firm developing AI-assisted voice recognition, agrees.One problem is that spoken commands often have multiple intent."Ask to turn the temperature up and play Ed Sheeran, and the system can't cope," he adds.

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目前只有四条自愿性的指导规则。例如美国国家公路交通安全管理局表示触屏任务应该在两秒钟或更短的时间内完成，累计时间不超过12秒。研究人员认为声控是一个更加安全的选择，且应该鼓励声控操作，虽然需要对软件进行改善。开发AI辅助声音识别的瑞典公司Artificial Solutions的Andy Peart对此表示赞同。一个问题是语音命令通常有多个意图。“调高温度和播放艾德·希兰的音乐，这样的任务，系统无法应对，”他补充道。

The migration of vehicle controls to touchscreens has also led to complaints about the machines' rather than the drivers' reaction times being too slow,and requiring a confusing number of steps, to boot. In April, after examining the touchscreens in new vehicles, What Car?, a British motoring magazine,reported that adjusting the heater fan can take twice as long when using a touchscreen rather than a physical button,and that selecting a new radio station takes eight times longer.

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车辆控制系统转移至触屏也引发了人们抱怨机器，而不是抱怨司机的反应速度太慢，而且启动过程中需要的步骤多得让人摸不清。4月，在检查了新车辆的触屏后，英国汽车杂志《What Car?》报道称，当使用触屏而不是物理按钮时，调整加热器风扇可能需要两倍的时间，并且选择一个新的电台需要8倍长的时间。

Carmakers are developing screens that are easier to operate and positioning them more in line with a driver's view of the road.Haptic feedback, which adds physical, tactile responses, is also coming.This might, for example, detect a moving finger and produce a clicking sound and a slight vibration when a virtual button on the screen is felt and pressed.Old-school motorists may, however, still prefer their cars to come with real knobs on.

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汽车制造商正在开发更容易操作的的屏幕，并使其更符合驾驶者对道路的看法。增加了物理和触觉反应的触觉反馈也即将到来。例如，当触摸和按下屏幕上的虚拟按钮时，它可能会检测到一个移动的手指并产生点击声和轻微的振动。然而，老派的驾车者可能仍然喜欢他们的车有真正的按钮。

注释

1.respectively 分别

In 2010 and 2009, revolving debt fell 4.4% and 1.7%, respectively.

2010年和2009年，循环债务分别下降4.4%和1.7%。

2.ban 禁止

He was banned from the meeting.

他被取消了出席会议的资格。

3.cumulative 累积的

The benefits from eating fish are cumulative.

吃鱼的好处要长期才能显现。

4.adjust 调整

Watch out for sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly.

当心急转弯并相应调整车速。

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