2025考研英语：《经济学人》中英读译Day75

英语阅读能力依靠什么？必然是词汇的积累，但，仅仅是词汇的积累是不够了，更应该了解英语句式，不同句型所表达意义。如何培养自己的阅读语感呢？那么就跟着聚创考研网小编每天学一点英语，一起为考研筑起坚实的地基。阅读是需要积累的，就像我们需要经常和人沟通才会促进我们的表达能力一样~小伙伴跟着小编一起，每天坚持打卡，培养英语阅读能力及语感，了解文章一些经典词汇的用法。

经济学人：夏季如何迅速降温？(2)

A quick heads up here: Craig talks about temperatures using the Celsius scale. To get to Fahrenheit, multiply his number by 1.8. Then add 32.Or you can just remember that when he says 37 degrees, that’s 98.6 Fahrenheit. And 40 Celsius is 104 Fahrenheit.Our body temperatures are regulated normally around 37 degrees. By the time we get to 40 degrees, we’re not functioning normally. We live very close to the edge.This is because we’re mammals—we’re warm-blooded. We’ve evolved to be good at maintaining a warm body temperature.And most mammals have a nice blanket of insulating hair all over their bodies.Even people are covered with millions of hair follicles.The hairs are just a lot thinner and shorter than they are in other animals. Which means that when it comes to losing heat, we generally suck.Our bodies do, however, have a kind of emergency temperature relief valve. Craig has been studying it.

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这里快速提醒一下：克雷格谈论温度用的是摄氏度。要换算华氏温度，将摄氏度乘1.8，再加32，就好了。或者说，你可以记住，当他说37度时，其实是98.6华氏度。40摄氏度时，其实就是104华氏度。我们的体温通常调节在37度左右。当体温达到40度时，身体就无法维持正常运作了。我们的生命也面临危险。这是因为我们是哺乳动物——我们是温血动物(恒温动物)。我们经过进化，变得很擅长维持温暖的体温。大多数哺乳动物全身都覆盖着一层隔离毛发的厚厚皮层。人类全身甚至也覆盖着数百万个毛囊。与其他动物相比，人类的毛发更稀疏，也更短。这也意味着，在散热方面，人类通常表现很糟糕。然而，我们的身体确实有一种紧急温度安全阀。克雷格一直在对此进行研究。

 

That valve is a special type of blood vessel.This week it’s my turn to get stuck with the hard science word, so here goes: they’re called arteriovenous anastomoses.Very nice.Why thank you. I practiced. A lot. But let’s call them AVAs from now on.Most arteries and veins connect through a bed of very thin capillaries that bring nutrients and oxygen to cells.AVAs, though, are different. They are direct junctions of arteries and veins, so blood flows through them pretty quickly.And the real key to their heat relief function is they are concentrated in just a few places in the body. Here’s Craig again:
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这个安全阀是一种特殊血管。这周轮到我来费劲解释这么难的科学术语了，它们叫做动静脉吻合血管。不错。谢谢。我练习过很多遍。但从现在起，我们把它们称作AVAs(动静脉吻合血管)吧。大多数动脉和静脉通过一层非常薄的毛细血管连接，毛细血管将营养物质和氧气带到细胞中。然而，动静脉吻合血管则不同。它们直接连接动脉和静脉，因此，血液流经这些血管时速度会很快。这些散热功能的真正关键是，它们仅仅集中在身体的几个部位。以下是克雷格的观点:

We found that in the palm of the hand, the soles of the feet, and the upper part of the face, which are called non hairy skin, there are special blood vessels, and those blood vessels can shunt the blood from the arteries to the veins directly, bypassing the capillaries.You know mammals have fur. If you have fur you can't dissipate heat over your overall body surface very efficiently.So mammals have these special blood vessels in their non hairy skin, the pads of their feet, the tongue, the ears in some cases.To see if they could take advantage of AVAs in people, back in the early 2000s Craig and his colleague Dennis Grahn basically McGuyver’d this goofy device.They put a Plexiglass cylinder around someone’s hand and sealed it around their arm with part of a wetsuit sleeve.Inside the cylinder, cool water ran over their palm.

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我们发现，在手掌、脚掌、脸的上部，也就是被称为无毛皮肤的部位，存在着特殊的血管，这些血管可以绕过毛细血管，将动脉血液直接分流至静脉。哺乳动物有皮毛。如果你也有皮毛，你就无法有效地散发全身体表的热量。哺乳动物的无毛皮肤处(脚掌肉垫、舌头、耳朵)也有这些特殊的血管。为了看看他们是否能利用人类身上的动静脉吻合血管，早在21世纪初，克雷格和他的同事丹尼斯·格兰恩发明了这个傻瓜式的设备。他们将一个有机玻璃圆筒套在实验者的手上，然后用潜水服袖子将其封在手臂上。圆筒内则有冷水流过他们的手掌。