2025考研英语：《经济学人》中英读译Day83

英语阅读能力依靠什么？必然是词汇的积累，但，仅仅是词汇的积累是不够了，更应该了解英语句式，不同句型所表达意义。如何培养自己的阅读语感呢？那么就跟着聚创考研网小编每天学一点英语，一起为考研筑起坚实的地基。阅读是需要积累的，就像我们需要经常和人沟通才会促进我们的表达能力一样~小伙伴跟着小编一起，每天坚持打卡，培养英语阅读能力及语感，了解文章一些经典词汇的用法。

经济学人：工作中的朋友

Friends at work Why it is a bad idea for managers to attempt to engineer office friendships.Scholars of happiness have found that close relationships are one of the critical ingredients of a contented life.What is true in general is also true of the workplace, according to research by Gallup.The pollster finds that having a “best friend at work” is closely associated with all manner of good things, from greater employee engagement to higher retention and better safety records.At some level, that is unremarkable.Spending time with people you like makes most things more appealing, including work.If a job is sufficiently humdrum, camaraderie among colleagues can be the main draw.The support of friends can also encourage people to try new things.A study from 2015 by Erica Field of Duke University, and her co-authors, looked at the impact of business training given to Indian women.Women who attended the course with a friend were more likely to end up taking out loans than those who came alone.

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工作中的朋友 为什么经理们试图策划办公室友谊不是一个好主 意。研究幸福的学者发现，亲密关系是生活美满的关键因素之一。盖洛普的研究显示，这一普遍法则也适用于职场。这家民调机构发现，拥有“工作中的密友”与各种益处密切相关，包括更高的员工参与度、更高的留任率和更好的安全记录。在某种程度上，这并不令人惊奇。和你喜欢的人待在一起会让大多数事情变得更有吸引力，包括工作。如果一份工作已经足够乏味，那么同事之间的情谊可能是工作的主要吸引力。朋友的支持也可以鼓励人们尝试新事物。杜克大学的埃里卡·菲尔德和她的合著者在2015年进行了一项研究，考察了印度女性接受商业培训的影响。与朋友一起参加课程的女性比独自前来的女性更有可能获得商业贷款。

The reverse also applies.Antagonistic relationships with co-workers are always likely to make working life miserable.A study conducted by Valerie Good of Grand Valley State University found that loneliness has an adverse effect on the performance of salespeople.Among other things, they start spending more on wining and dining their customers.The only thing worse than a salesperson who sees you as a way to make money is one who wants your company.So friends matter.The problems come when managers see the words “higher employee engagement” and leap to the conclusion that they should try to engineer work friendships.In a report published last year Gallup gave the example of an unnamed organisation which has a weekly companywide meeting that spotlights one employee’s best friend at work.It’s not known if, in the Q&A, others pop up to sob: “But I thought we were best friends at work.”Startups also offer services to encourage work friendships.One monitors the depth of connections between people in different teams.It identifies shared interests (gluten-free baking, say, or workplace surveillance) between employees who don’t know each other and arranges meetings between them.You thought life was bad?

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反之亦然。与同事的敌对关系总是可能让职场生活变得痛苦。大峡谷州立大学的瓦莱丽·古德进行的一项研究发现，孤独对销售人员的业绩有不利影响。除了其他方面的不利影响，他们还开始在和客户吃饭方面花更多钱。比销售人员想要你的钱更糟糕的，只有这个销售还想要你陪他。所以朋友很重要。当经理们看到“员工参与度更高”的字眼，并马上推导出他们应该策划工作中的友谊时，问题就来了。在去年发布的一份报告中，盖洛普举了一个匿名组织的例子，该组织每周召开一次全公司会议，重点关注某一名员工在工作中最好的朋友。目前还不清楚在问答环节，是否会有其他人突然哭起来，说：“我还以为我们才是工作中最好的朋友。”初创公司也提供服务来促进职场友谊。一种服务是监测不同团队中人员之间的联系深度。它能识别互不认识的员工之间的共同兴趣(比如无麸质烘焙或工作监控)，并安排他们进行聚会。你觉得生活很糟糕？

At least you are not making crumpets with a stranger in finance.It is a mistake for managers to wade into the business of friend-making, and not just because it royally misses the point.The defining characteristic of friendship is that it is voluntary.Employees are adults; they don’t need their managers to arrange play-dates.And the workplace throws people together, often under testing conditions: friendships will naturally follow.The bigger problem is that workplace friendships are more double-edged than their advocates allow.They can quickly becomemessy when power dynamics change.The transition from friend to boss, or from friend to underling, is an inherently awkward one (“This is your final warning. Fancy a pint?”).And friendships have the potential to look a lot like cronyism.A clever study by Zoe Cullen of Harvard Business School and Ricardo Perez-Truglia of University of California, Berkeley, found that employees’ social interactions with their managers could give their career prospects a boost relative to others.

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但至少你不会和一个财务科的陌生人一起做烤面饼。经理们干涉交友是错误的，这不仅仅是因为他们完全没有抓住重点。友谊的决定性特征是它是自愿的。员工都是成年人，他们不需要经理来安排玩耍聚会。而职场往往在考验人的条件下将人们聚集在一起：友谊自然会随之而来。更大的问题是，职场友谊比其倡导者所认为的更具双刃性。当权力动态发生变化时，职场友情可能很快就会变得一团糟。从朋友变成老板，或者从朋友变成下属，这在本质上就很尴尬(“最后警告你一次。下班去喝一杯吗？”)。而且友谊有可能看起来很像任人唯亲。哈佛商学院的佐伊·卡伦和加州大学伯克利分校的里卡多·佩雷斯-特鲁利亚进行了一项巧妙的研究，并发现相比与其他人，员工与经理进行社交互动，可能会给他们的职业前景带来助力。

The researchers looked at promotions of smokers and non-smokers who worked for a large bank in South-East Asia, hypothesising that sharing smoking breaks with managers who also indulged might give workers a leg up.And so it did.Smokers who moved from a non-smoking boss to a puffer were promoted more quickly than those who moved to another non-smoker.The authors found that social interactions did not just help smokers; socialising between male managers and male employees played a large role in perpetuating gender pay gaps.If firms are going to make friendship their business, they should worry about its downsides, too.Companies should facilitate interactions between employees, particularly in a world of hybrid and remote working.Social gatherings and buddy systems are reasonable ways to encourage colleagues to meet each other and to foster a culture.But a high-quality work relationship does not require friendship.It requires respect for each other’s competence, a level of trust and a desire to reach the same goal; it doesn’t need birthday cards and a shared interest in quiltmaking.Firms should do what they can to encourage these kinds of relationships.If individuals want to take it further, it’s entirely up to them.
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研究人员研究了在东南亚一家大型银行工作的吸烟者和不吸烟者的晋升情况，假设是与同样吸烟的经理在休息时间一起吸烟可能会给员工带来晋升机会。事实的确如此。一些吸烟者的老板从不吸烟的人换成吸烟的人，另一些吸烟者换了一个不吸烟的老板，结果前者比后者晋升得更快。作者发现，社交互动不仅帮助了吸烟者，而且男性经理和男性员工之间的社交活动也在固化性别薪酬差距方面起到了很大作用。如果公司打算做职场友谊的生意，他们也应该考虑这些不利之处。公司应该促进员工之间的互动，尤其现在有了混合办公和远程办公。社交聚会和伙伴制度是鼓励同事见面并培养企业文化的合理方式。但高质量的工作关系并不需要友谊。它需要尊重彼此的能力、一定程度的信任，以及实现相同目标的愿望。它不需要生日贺卡，也不需要有缝被子的共同爱好。公司应该尽其所能地鼓励这种关系。如果员工个人想让关系更进一步，这应该完全由他们决定。