2021考研英语：《经济学人》中英读译Day16

英语阅读能力依靠什么？必然是词汇的积累，但，仅仅是词汇的积累是不够了，更应该了解英语句式，不同句型所表达意义。如何培养自己的阅读语感呢？那么就跟着聚创考研小编每天学一点英语，一起为考研筑起坚实的地基。阅读是需要积累的，就像我们需要经常和人沟通才会促进我们的表达能力一样~小伙伴跟着小编一起，每天坚持打卡，培养英语阅读能力及语感，了解文章一些经典词汇的用法。 

俄罗斯正统论(1)

A visitor to Moscow inquiring about the outlook for Russia's economy,will often be met with answers that take a detour into the country's past.Ask, for instance, why Russia runs such conservative budgetary and interest-rate policies,and you may be told that the trauma of default in 1998 bred a strong desire for low debt and low inflation.

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前往莫斯科大厅俄罗斯经济前景的访客,往往会得到一些有关该国往事的答案。例如询问为什么俄罗斯采取如此保守的预算和利率政策,你可能会被告知，1998年的违约创伤催生了对低债务和低通胀的强烈愿望。

Ask why property rights are weak and you may be taken further back, to the end of serfdom in 1861.Until then many Russians did not even own their own souls.Not all investors are history buffs. But looking at Russia through the lens of risk and reward they see a dichotomy.On the one hand, the emphasis the authorities place on controlling public debt and curbing inflation,makes it an attractive place for bond investors. Russia is fixed income heaven.

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询问为什么财产权如此脆弱，你可能会被带回到1861年农奴制结束的时候。在那之前，许多俄罗斯人甚至没有自己的灵魂。并非所有投资者都是历史爱好者。但从风险和回报的角度看俄罗斯，他们看到了一个两面性。一方面，当局把重点放在控制公共债务和抑制通货膨胀上,这使得俄罗斯成为了一个吸引债券投资者的地方。俄罗斯是固定收益天堂。询问为什么财产权如此脆弱，你可能会被带回到1861年农奴制结束的时候。在那之前，许多俄罗斯人甚至没有自己的灵魂。并非所有投资者都是历史爱好者。但从风险和回报的角度看俄罗斯，他们看到了一个两面性。一方面，当局把重点放在控制公共债务和抑制通货膨胀上,这使得俄罗斯成为了一个吸引债券投资者的地方。俄罗斯是固定收益天堂。询问为什么财产权如此脆弱，你可能会被带回到1861年农奴制结束的时候。在那之前，许多俄罗斯人甚至没有自己的灵魂。并非所有投资者都是历史爱好者。但从风险和回报的角度看俄罗斯，他们看到了一个两面性。一方面，当局把重点放在控制公共债务和抑制通货膨胀上,这使得俄罗斯成为了一个吸引债券投资者的地方。俄罗斯是固定收益天堂。

On the other, the economy lacks dynamism, in large part because the venturesome cannot lay secure claim to their investments.For equity investors, Russia can be hellish.Start with its charms for bond investors. Their aim for their money is to get it back with interest.They would also like it to retain its purchasing power. Their big concerns, aside from default,are inflation and (unless they are buying hard-currency bonds) devaluation. So there is much to like about Russia.On the other, the economy lacks dynamism, in large part because the venturesome cannot lay secure claim to their investments.For equity investors, Russia can be hellish.Start with its charms for bond investors. Their aim for their money is to get it back with interest.They would also like it to retain its purchasing power. Their big concerns, aside from default,are inflation and (unless they are buying hard-currency bonds) devaluation. So there is much to like about Russia.On the other, the economy lacks dynamism, in large part because the venturesome cannot lay secure claim to their investments.For equity investors, Russia can be hellish.Start with its charms for bond investors. Their aim for their money is to get it back with interest.They would also like it to retain its purchasing power. Their big concerns, aside from default,are inflation and (unless they are buying hard-currency bonds) devaluation. So there is much to like about Russia.

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另一方面，经济缺乏活力，在很大程度上是因为冒险者无法保证他们的投资是安全的。对权益投资者而言，俄罗斯可能是地狱。从它对债券投资者的吸引力开始。他们赚钱的目标是将钱连本带利的收回。他们还希望它能保持其购买力。除了违约，他们最大的担忧是通货膨胀以及（除非他们购买硬通货债券）货币贬值。因此，俄罗斯有很多值得喜欢的地方。

The public-debt burden is light, at below 20% of GDP. True, a lot of tax revenue is tied to the vagaries of oil prices.But Russia now has a fiscal rule. Its budget is based on an oil price of $40 a barrel.Any excess revenue goes into a reserve fund. Last year the budget was in comfortable surplus.By stopping the government from overspending, the fiscal rule also helps keep a lid on inflation.The Kremlin allows the central bank to set monetary policy without meddling, to meet a goal of inflation of 4%.The bank's governor, Elvira Nabiullina, is admired for her professional competence—and also for persuading Vladimir Putin, Russia's president, to allow the rouble to drop in 2014.

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公债负担很轻，不到GDP的20%。没错，很多税收和变化无常的石油价格相关。但俄罗斯现在有了一个财政规则。它的预算是基于40美元每桶的油价。任何超额收入都会归入储备基金。去年的预算盈余相当可观。通过阻止政府过度消费，财政规则也有助于抑制通胀。俄罗斯政府允许中央银行在不干预的情况下制定货币政策，以达到4%的通胀目标。银行行长Elvira Nabiullina因其专业能力而受到赞赏—也因说服俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京允许卢布在2014年贬值而受称赞。

Inflation has since come under control. She has cut interest rates slowly, to 7.5%.For bondholders this is wonderful: decent yields, low debt and stable inflation. The rouble is steady.American sanctions, imposed after 2014 in response to Russia's military intervention in Ukraine,led many affected Russian firms to pay down foreign debt.

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自此通货膨胀得到控制。她慢慢将利率削减至7.5%。对于债券持有者而言，这很棒：不错的收益、低债务以及稳定的通货膨胀。卢布也很稳定。2014年俄罗斯军事干涉乌克兰后，美国对其实施制裁美国制裁导致很多受影响的俄罗斯公司偿还外债。

注释

1.outlook前景

The outlook for jobs is bleak.

就业市场前景暗淡。

2.breed产生；导致

Nothing breeds success like success.

一事成功万事亨通。

3.curb抑制

He needs to learn to curb his temper.

他得学着控制自己的脾气。

4.dynamism活力...

a situation that calls for dynamism and new thinking.

需要活力和新思维的局面

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