2023考研英语：《经济学人》中英读译Day170

A likelier explanation is China's manufacturing boom, which afforded women unprecedented opportunities.In 1968 Mao Zedong enjoined female labourers to hold up "half the sky"; by the 1980s their labourforce participation hovered around 80%.Britain's then stood at 60%, and America's lower still. India, with a similar GDP per person to China at the time, barely managed 30%.Many successful Chinese businesswomen rose from the factory floor.In 2015 Zhou Qunfei, an erstwhile migrant worker who went on to found Lens Technology, maker of screens for Apple,took the title of the world's wealthiest self-made woman.After the government expanded college attendance in 1999, women began to prop up more than half the educational firmament:they make up 56% of graduates, though only 87 girls are born for every 100 boys.
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一个更有可能的解释是中国制造业蓬勃发展，为女性提供了史无前例的机遇。1968年，毛主席提出妇女能顶半边天；到20世纪80年代，她们的劳动参与力徘徊在80%。而当时的英国为60%，美国更少。那时印度和中国的人均GDP差不多，但也只是勉强达到30%。很多成功的中国女商人都是从普通工人成长起来的。2015年，周群飞曾是一名农民工，后来创立了蓝思科技—苹果屏幕制造商，她获得了世界最富有的白手起家女性的称号。1999年，政府扩大了大学入学率后，女性开始支撑起一半以上的教育业：她们占毕业生的56%，虽然男孩女孩出生比为100:87。

According to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, an index of startup activity,for ten men starting a business in China, eight women launch theirs.Between 2010 and 2018 China dropped from 61st (among 134 countries)to 103rd (out of 149) in the World Economic Forum's Gender Gap Report.Economic disparities between the sexes tend to narrow as countries grow richer.China's have widened, as privatisations in the 1990s prompted a sharper decline in the number of women than of men in the urban workforce and as women moved into lower-paying service jobs.Relative to that of men, female participation has been flat or falling every year since 2009, to 69%,similar to Japan and below Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos.Female wages, which were 17% below male wages in the early 1990s, are now 36% lower.A new Hurun list of 46 self-made billionaires under the age of 40 includes 16 Chinese founders,but just two—both of them wives in couples that launched internet platforms—are women.

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根据创业公司活动指数全球创业观察，在中国，男女性创业比为10:8。根据《世界经济论坛性别差距报告》，在2010年和2018年间，中国从第61名（共134个国家）下降至第103名（共149个国家）。随着国家日益富裕，两性之间的经济差距往往会缩小。随着20世纪90年代私有化导致男性城市劳动力人数骤减，女性骤减更为剧烈，并且女性进入了薪酬较低的服务业，这些导致中国两性差距扩大。相较于男性，自2009年以来，女性参与率一直平缓或是每年下降并降至69%，此比例和日本相同，且低于越南、柬埔寨和老挝。20世纪90年代初期，女性工资比男性工资低17%，如今低36%。胡润新出炉了一份名单，46位白手起家的40岁以下亿万富翁名单中，有16位是中国创始人，但仅有两位是女性，而这两位女性都是互联网平台创始人的妻子。