2024考研英语：《经济学人》中英读译Day14

英语阅读能力依靠什么？必然是词汇的积累，但，仅仅是词汇的积累是不够了，更应该了解英语句式，不同句型所表达意义。如何培养自己的阅读语感呢？那么就跟着聚创考研网小编每天学一点英语，一起为考研筑起坚实的地基。阅读是需要积累的，就像我们需要经常和人沟通才会促进我们的表达能力一样~小伙伴跟着小编一起，每天坚持打卡，培养英语阅读能力及语感，了解文章一些经典词汇的用法。

经济学人:为什么在工作中可以不完美(下)

It matters what kind of perfectionist someone is. Psychologists distinguish between a “self-oriented” version, in which people put pressure on themselves to perform flawlessly; an “other-oriented” type, in which people hold their colleagues to the highest of standards; and a “socially prescribed” version, in which employees think that they will only get on if they meet the impossible expectations of those around them. People in the last camp seem to be especially prone to stress. A recent Italian study found that, whereas having extremely high standards for your own performance was not a predictor of burnout, being afraid of making mistakes was.Perfectionists may also hurt team cohesiveness. In a study conducted in 2020, Emily Kleszewski and Kathleen Otto of Philipps-University of Marburg asked people to rate potential co-workers based on descriptions of their levels and categories of perfectionism. Perfectionists were regarded as being less socially skilled and less likeable than non-perfectionists. You don’t have to like your colleagues for them to be effective: in that same study, perfectionists were rated as more competent than non-perfectionists. But when more and more work is organised around small groups working together, it can help not to loathe each other.‍

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重要的是一个人是什么样的完美主义者。心理学家区分了“自我导向”型，即人们给自己施加压力，要求自己表现得完美无缺；还有“以他人为导向”型，这种类型的人会以最高标准要求自己的同事；还有一种“社会规定”型，员工认为只有满足了周围人不可能达到的期望，他们才能继续工作。最后一种类型的人似乎特别容易受到压力。意大利最近的一项研究发现，尽管对自己的表现有极高的要求并不能预示你的倦怠，但是害怕犯错却能预示你的倦怠。完美主义者也可能会损害团队凝聚力。在2020年进行的一项研究中，马尔堡-菲利普大学的艾米丽·克莱舍夫斯基和凯瑟琳·奥托让人们根据完美主义的程度和类别对潜在同事进行评价。完美主义者被认为比非完美主义者社交能力更差，更不讨人喜欢。你不一定要喜欢你的同事才能让他们有效率：在同一项研究中，完美主义者被认为比非完美主义者更有能力。但是，当越来越多的工作围绕着小团体一起工作时，它可以帮助人们不讨厌彼此。

By now your inner curmudgeon may well be frothing at the mouth. Nit-picking micro-managers are deeply annoying but they are nowhere near as bad as people who don’t have any standards. Demanding bosses can be the difference between good products and superb ones: “that’ll do” was not the mantra that made Steve Jobs successful. Some jobs actively require perfectionism—copy editors, say, or medicines regulators. And since when did being exacting become a health risk?Fortunately, discouraging perfectionism does not mean sacrificing high standards. In a paper published last year, three academics at the University of Ottawa found that people who strove for excellence did better on tests of creative thinking than people who sought perfection. Managers can explicitly define what counts as high-quality work. Deadlines can prevent endless procrastination. Mr Sunak’s call not to let the perfect be the enemy of the good came as he sat in front of a poster that misspelled the word “campaign”. That took things too far.
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到现在为止，你内心的坏脾气可能已经气死了。吹毛求疵的微观管理者非常令人讨厌，但他们远不如那些没有任何标准的人糟糕。苛刻的老板可能是好产品和一流产品的区别：“那就行了”并不是让史蒂夫•乔布斯成功的咒语。有些工作要求完美主义，比如文案编辑或药品监管人员。什么时候“严格要求”成为一种健康风险了?幸运的是，阻止完美主义并不意味着牺牲高标准。在去年发表的一篇论文中，渥太华大学的三位学者发现，追求卓越的人在创造性思维测试中比追求完美的人表现得更好。管理者可以明确定义什么是高质量的工作。最后期限可以防止无休止的拖延。当苏纳克坐在一张拼错了“campaign”(竞选)一词的海报前时，他呼吁不要让完美成为很好的敌人。这太过分了。