英语阅读能力依靠什么？必然是词汇的积累，但，仅仅是词汇的积累是不够了，更应该了解英语句式，不同句型所表达意义。如何培养自己的阅读语感呢？那么就跟着聚创考研网小编每天学一点英语，一起为考研筑起坚实的地基。阅读是需要积累的，就像我们需要经常和人沟通才会促进我们的表达能力一样~小伙伴跟着小编一起，每天坚持打卡，培养英语阅读能力及语感，了解文章一些经典词汇的用法。

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经济学人:哄抬物价(2)

Upfront costs would be hard to justify if the virus were quickly snuffed out.So in January, the early phase of the outbreak, Chinese firms began by scouring the world for masks rather than by making more of their own.It took government action to change that. Officials offered subsidies to firms producing safety gear: promising not outsized gains but an avoidance of losses.China went from making 20m masks per day before the crisis-half the world's output-to nearly 120m by the end of February.Profit, narrowly defined as the income earned from making masks, also fails to explain corporate motives. Regulation has been crucial.

译文

如果病毒很快被消灭，前期成本将很难被证明是合理的。所以在1月份，疫情爆发的初期，中国公司开始在世界各地搜寻口罩而不是自己进行生产。政府采取了行动来改变这一点。政府向生产安全设备的公司提供补贴：承诺不会有太大的收益，但会避免损失。发生疫情前，中国每天生产2000万只口罩——占全球产量的一半，到2月底，中国的口罩产量已接近1.2亿个。利润，狭义地定义为制造口罩的收入，也不能解释企业的动机。监管至关重要。

 

Companies in China could not resume operations until all their workers had masks, so automakers,phone manufacturers and oil giants all added mask-production lines. And big companies also want to look like good corporate citizens.Peter Navarro, a trade adviser to America's president, accused 3M, one of the world's biggest manufacturers of high-end masks, of putting money before people.In fact, 3M has stuck to its list prices and doubled its production.Pricing is usually the best way to allocate resources, by revealing who is willing and able to pay for something.But there is no doubt now that masks are most essential for medical workers. Ordering large supplies at fixed prices is the right policy.

译文

在中国，只有所有工人都戴上口罩，企业才能恢复运营，所以汽车制造商、手机制造商以及石油巨头加设了口罩生产线。大公司也想让自己看起来像良好的企业公民。美国总统的贸易顾问彼得·纳瓦罗指责世界上最大的高端口罩制造商之一3M公司把钱看得比人还重要。事实上，3M坚持了它的标价，并将产量提高了一倍。定价通常是分配资源的最佳方式，因为它揭示了谁愿意并有能力为某物买单。但毫无疑问，口罩对医务工作者来说是最重要的。以固定价格订购大量货物是正确的政策。

 

The public benefit of a functioning health system far outweighs any harm in impeding sellers from maximising their profits.This was a point made to the University of Chicago's survey by one of the dissenting economists,who argued that it was fair to cap prices after a natural disaster."Efficiency is less important than distribution under such transitory conditions," said Angus Deaton, now a Nobel laureate.In a global health crisis, his argument is even more compelling. Conventional morality-the revulsion against price gouging-trumps conventional economics.

译文

一个正常运转的医疗系统所带来的公共利益，远远超过了阻碍销售商实现利润最大化所带来的危害。这是一位持不同意见的经济学家在芝加哥大学的调查中提出的观点，他认为，在自然灾害之后限制价格是公平的。诺贝尔奖得主安格斯·迪顿表示：“在这种暂时的情况下，效率不如分配重要。在一场全球健康危机中，他的观点更加令人信服。传统道德——对哄抬物价的反感——胜过传统经济学。

 

注释

1.snuff out 消灭

Every time a new flicker of resistance appeared, thegovernment snuffed it out

一旦有抵抗的苗头出现时，政府总是迅速地加以消灭。

2.resume恢复

She resumed her career after an interval of sixyears.

经过六年的间歇之后她又重新上岗。

3.stick to 坚持

Perhaps he should have stuck to writing.

也许他还是一心放在写作上。

4.laureate 获奖者

He has been internationally renowned as the "Father of Fibre Optics" and is now a NobelLaureate他一直是享誉国际的光纤之父，而今他还是诺贝尔奖得主。

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